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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Linux framebuffer</span></span>
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<p>The <a href="Framebuffer" title="Framebuffer">framebuffer</a> subsystem in the <a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> <b>fbdev</b> is used to show <a href="Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graphics</a> on a <a href="Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitor</a>, typically on the <a href="System_console" class="mw-redirect" title="System console">system console</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>It was designed as a hardware-independent <a href="API" title="API">API</a> to give <a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">user space</a> software access to the <a href="Framebuffer" title="Framebuffer">framebuffer</a> (the part of a computer's <a href="Video_random-access_memory" title="Video random-access memory">video memory</a> containing a current <a href="Film_frame" title="Film frame">video frame</a>) using only the <a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>'s own basic facilities and its <a href="Device_file" title="Device file">device file</a> system interface, avoiding the need for libraries like <a href="SVGALib" title="SVGALib">SVGAlib</a> which effectively implemented video drivers in user space.
</p><p>In most applications, fbdev has been superseded by the Linux <a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">Direct Rendering Manager</a> (DRM) subsystem, but as of 2022, several <a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">drivers</a> provide both DRM and fbdev APIs for backwards compatibility with software that has not been updated to use the DRM system, and there are still fbdev drivers for older (mostly embedded) hardware that does not have a DRM driver.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>
<p>There are three applications of the Linux framebuffer:
</p>
<ul><li>An implementation of text <a href="Linux_console" title="Linux console">Linux console</a> that doesn't use hardware <a href="Text_mode" title="Text mode">text mode</a> (useful when that mode is unavailable, or to overcome its restrictions on glyph size, number of code points, etc.). One popular aspect of this is the ability to have console show the <a href="Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a> logo at boot up.</li>
<li>A graphic output method for a <a href="Display_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Display server">display server</a>, independent of <a href="Video_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Video adapter">video adapter</a> hardware and its drivers.</li>
<li>Graphic programs avoiding the <a href="Computational_overhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational overhead">overhead</a> of the <a href="X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>.</li></ul>
<p>Examples of the third application include Linux programs such as <a href="MPlayer" title="MPlayer">MPlayer</a>, <a href="Links2" class="mw-redirect" title="Links2">links2</a>, <a href="NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a>, <a href="W3m" title="W3m">w3m</a>, fbff,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fbida,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fim,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and libraries such as <a href="OpenGL_Utility_Toolkit" title="OpenGL Utility Toolkit">GLUT</a>, <a href="Simple_DirectMedia_Layer" title="Simple DirectMedia Layer">SDL</a> (version 1.2), <a href="GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>, and <a href="Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a>, which can all use the framebuffer directly.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use case is particularly popular in <a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a>.
</p><p>The now defunct<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="DirectFB" title="DirectFB">DirectFB</a> is another project aimed at providing a framework for hardware acceleration of the Linux framebuffer.
</p><p>There was also a windowing system called FramebufferUI (fbui) implemented in kernel space that provided a basic two-dimensional windowing experience with very little memory use.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>Linux has had generic framebuffer support since the 2.1.109 kernel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>It was originally implemented to allow the kernel to emulate a text console on systems such as the <a href="Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Apple Macintosh</a> that do not have a <a href="Text_mode" title="Text mode">text-mode display</a>, and was later expanded to the <a href="IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> platform.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Direct_Rendering_Infrastructure" title="Direct Rendering Infrastructure">Direct Rendering Infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="Kernel_mode_setting" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel mode setting">Kernel mode setting</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt">The Frame Buffer Device, Linux Kernel Documentation</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-FBDEV-2022-Maintainer">"Developer Steps up Wanting to Maintain Linux's FBDEV Subsystem"</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/aligrudi/fbff/">fbff media player repository</a>, <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kraxel.org/blog/linux/fbida/">fbi/fbida image viewer homepage</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nongnu.org/fbi-improved/">FIM (Fbi IMproved) image viewer homepage</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/caramelli/higfxback/wiki/Linux-Framebuffer">HiGFXback (History of graphics backends) project with the Linux Framebuffer graphics backend</a>, <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/news/DirectFB-2017-Dormant">"DirectFB Is Back To Being Dormant"</a>. <i>www.phoronix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-01</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/8l/fbui">Framebuffer UI (fbui) in-kernel Linux windowing system</a>, <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBuell2010" class="citation web cs1">Buell, Alex (5 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210091651/https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Framebuffer-HOWTO/">"Framebuffer HOWTO"</a>. <i>tldp.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Framebuffer-HOWTO/">the original</a> on 10 December 2023 – via Internet Archive.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-fbdev/">Linux framebuffer</a> on <a href="SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xfree86.org/4.3.0/fbdev.4.html">XFree86 doc</a></li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux_kernel514" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
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/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div id="Linux_kernel514" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kernel19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="Linus's_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li>
<li><a href="Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li>
<li><a href="Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a></li>
<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO disputes</a></li>
<li><a href="Linaro" title="Linaro">Linaro</a></li>
<li><a href="GNU_General_Public_License#Version_2" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL v2</a></li>
<li><a href="Menuconfig" title="Menuconfig">menuconfig</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures" title="List of Linux-supported computer architectures">Supported computer architectures</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_kernel_version_history" title="Linux kernel version history">Version history</a></li>
<li><a href="Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Developers
<ul><li><i><a href="The_Linux_Programming_Interface" title="The Linux Programming Interface">The Linux Programming Interface</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Kernel.org" title="Kernel.org">kernel.org</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_kernel_mailing_list" title="Linux kernel mailing list">LKML</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux conference">Linux conferences</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Users
<ul><li><a href="Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Werner_Almesberger" title="Werner Almesberger">Werner Almesberger</a></li>
<li><a href="H._Peter_Anvin" title="H. Peter Anvin">H. Peter Anvin</a></li>
<li><a href="Jens_Axboe" title="Jens Axboe">Jens Axboe</a></li>
<li><a href="Moshe_Bar_(investor)" title="Moshe Bar (investor)">Moshe Bar</a></li>
<li><a href="Suparna_Bhattacharya" title="Suparna Bhattacharya">Suparna Bhattacharya</a></li>
<li><a href="Andries_Brouwer" title="Andries Brouwer">Andries Brouwer</a></li>
<li><a href="R%C3%A9my_Card" title="Rémy Card">Rémy Card</a></li>
<li><a href="Alan_Cox_(computer_programmer)" title="Alan Cox (computer programmer)">Alan Cox</a></li>
<li><a href="Matthew_Garrett" title="Matthew Garrett">Matthew Garrett</a></li>
<li><a href="Avi_Kivity" title="Avi Kivity">Avi Kivity</a></li>
<li><a href="Con_Kolivas" title="Con Kolivas">Con Kolivas</a></li>
<li><a href="Greg_Kroah-Hartman" title="Greg Kroah-Hartman">Greg Kroah-Hartman</a></li>
<li><a href="Benson_Leung" title="Benson Leung">Benson Leung</a></li>
<li><a href="Robert_Love" title="Robert Love">Robert Love</a></li>
<li><a href="David_S._Miller" title="David S. Miller">David S. Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="Ingo_Moln%C3%A1r" title="Ingo Molnár">Ingo Molnár</a></li>
<li><a href="Andrew_Morton_(computer_programmer)" title="Andrew Morton (computer programmer)">Andrew Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="Hans_Reiser" title="Hans Reiser">Hans Reiser</a></li>
<li><a href="Rusty_Russell" title="Rusty Russell">Rusty Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="Shuah_Khan" title="Shuah Khan">Shuah Khan</a></li>
<li><a href="Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a></li>
<li><a href="Theodore_Ts'o" title="Theodore Ts'o">Theodore Ts'o</a></li>
<li><a href="Stephen_Tweedie" title="Stephen Tweedie">Stephen Tweedie</a></li>
<li><a href="Harald_Welte" title="Harald Welte">Harald Welte</a></li>
<li><a href="Chris_Wright_(programmer)" title="Chris Wright (programmer)">Chris Wright</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debugging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="CRIU" title="CRIU">CRIU</a></li>
<li><a href="Ftrace" title="Ftrace">ftrace</a></li>
<li><a href="Kdump_(Linux)" title="Kdump (Linux)">kdump</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Linux kernel oops</a></li>
<li><a href="SystemTap" title="SystemTap">SystemTap</a></li>
<li><a href="Berkeley_Packet_Filter" title="Berkeley Packet Filter">BPF</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Startup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Vmlinux" title="Vmlinux">vmlinux</a></li>
<li><a href="System.map" title="System.map">System.map</a></li>
<li><a href="Dracut_(software)" title="Dracut (software)">dracut</a></li>
<li><a href="Initrd" class="mw-redirect" title="Initrd">initrd</a></li>
<li><a href="Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces" title="Linux kernel interfaces">ABIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">Linux Standard Base</a></li>
<li><a href="X32_ABI" title="X32 ABI">x32 ABI</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces" title="Linux kernel interfaces">APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces#SCI" title="Linux kernel interfaces">System Call<br>Interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>
<ul><li><a href="Ioctl" title="Ioctl">ioctl</a></li>
<li><a href="Select_(Unix)" title="Select (Unix)">select</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_(system_call)" title="Open (system call)">open</a></li>
<li><a href="Read_(system_call)" title="Read (system call)">read</a></li>
<li><a href="Close_(system_call)" title="Close (system call)">close</a></li>
<li><a href="Sync_(Unix)" title="Sync (Unix)">sync</a></li>
<li>…</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces#Additions_to_POSIX" title="Linux kernel interfaces">Linux-only</a>
<ul><li><a href="Futex" title="Futex">futex</a></li>
<li><a href="Epoll" title="Epoll">epoll</a></li>
<li><a href="Splice_(system_call)" title="Splice (system call)">splice</a></li>
<li><a href="Dnotify" title="Dnotify">dnotify</a></li>
<li><a href="Inotify" title="Inotify">inotify</a></li>
<li><a href="Readahead" title="Readahead">readahead</a></li>
<li>…</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel_interfaces#In–kernel_APIs" title="Linux kernel interfaces">In-kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" title="Advanced Linux Sound Architecture">ALSA</a></li>
<li><a href="Crypto_API_(Linux)" title="Crypto API (Linux)">Crypto API</a></li>
<li><a href="Io_uring" title="Io uring">io uring</a></li>
<li><a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">DRM</a></li>
<li><a href="Kernfs_(Linux)" title="Kernfs (Linux)">kernfs</a></li>
<li><a href="Memory_barrier" title="Memory barrier">Memory barrier</a></li>
<li><a href="New_API" title="New API">New API</a></li>
<li><a href="Read-copy-update" title="Read-copy-update">RCU</a></li>
<li><a href="Video4Linux" title="Video4Linux">Video4Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="IIO_Framework" title="IIO Framework">IIO</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">Userspace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Daemon_(computing)" title="Daemon (computing)">Daemons</a>,<br><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>bpffs</li>
<li><a href="Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li>
<li><a href="Devfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Devfs">devfs</a></li>
<li><a href="Devpts" title="Devpts">devpts</a></li>
<li><a href="Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li>
<li><a href="Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a></li>
<li>hugetlbfs</li>
<li>pipefs</li>
<li><a href="Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li>
<li>securityfs</li>
<li>sockfs</li>
<li><a href="Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li>
<li><a href="Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li>
<li><a href="Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a>
<ul><li><a href="Udev" title="Udev">udev</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Kmscon" title="Kmscon">Kmscon</a></li>
<li><a href="Binfmt_misc" title="Binfmt misc">binfmt_misc</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wrapper_library" title="Wrapper library">Wrapper<br>libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="C_standard_library" title="C standard library">C standard library</a>
<ul><li><a href="Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a></li>
<li><a href="UClibc" title="UClibc">uClibc</a></li>
<li><a href="Bionic_(software)" title="Bionic (software)">Bionic</a>
<ul><li><a href="Libhybris" title="Libhybris">libhybris</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dietlibc" title="Dietlibc">dietlibc</a></li>
<li><a href="Embedded_GLIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded GLIBC">EGLIBC</a></li>
<li><a href="Klibc" title="Klibc">klibc</a></li>
<li><a href="Musl" title="Musl">musl</a></li>
<li><a href="Newlib" title="Newlib">Newlib</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">libcgroup</a></li>
<li><a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">libdrm</a></li>
<li><a href="Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" title="Advanced Linux Sound Architecture">libalsa</a></li>
<li><a href="Evdev" title="Evdev">libevdev</a></li>
<li><a href="Libusb" title="Libusb">libusb</a></li>
<li><a href="Io_uring" title="Io uring">liburing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Kernel modules</a></li>
<li><a href="BlueZ" class="mw-redirect" title="BlueZ">BlueZ</a></li>
<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_console" title="Linux console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="Bcache" title="Bcache">bcache</a></li>
<li><a href="Device_mapper" title="Device mapper">Device mapper</a></li>
<li><a href="Dm-cache" title="Dm-cache">dm-cache</a></li>
<li><a href="Dm-crypt" title="Dm-crypt">dm-crypt</a></li>
<li><a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">DRM</a></li>
<li><a href="EDAC_(Linux)" class="mw-redirect" title="EDAC (Linux)">EDAC</a></li>
<li><a href="Evdev" title="Evdev">evdev</a></li>
<li><a href="Kernel_same-page_merging" title="Kernel same-page merging">Kernel same-page merging</a> (KSM)</li>
<li><a href="LIO_(SCSI_target)" title="LIO (SCSI target)">LIO</a></li>
<li><a href="Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)" title="Logical Volume Manager (Linux)">LVM</a></li>
<li><a href="KMS_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="KMS driver">KMS driver</a></li>
<li><a href="Netfilter" title="Netfilter">Netfilter</a></li>
<li><a href="Netlink" title="Netlink">Netlink</a></li>
<li><a href="Nftables" title="Nftables">nftables</a></li>
<li><a href="Network_scheduler" title="Network scheduler">Network scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="Perf_(Linux)" title="Perf (Linux)">perf</a></li>
<li><a href="SLUB_(software)" title="SLUB (software)">SLUB</a></li>
<li><a href="Zram" title="Zram">zram</a></li>
<li><a href="Zswap" title="Zswap">zswap</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Scheduling_(computing)#Linux" title="Scheduling (computing)">Process and I/O schedulers</a>:</li>
<li><a href="Brain_Fuck_Scheduler" title="Brain Fuck Scheduler">Brain Fuck Scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="Completely_Fair_Scheduler" title="Completely Fair Scheduler">Completely Fair Scheduler</a> (CFS)</li>
<li><a href="Earliest_eligible_virtual_deadline_first_scheduling" title="Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling">Earliest eligible virtual deadline first</a> (EEVDF)</li>
<li><a href="Noop_scheduler" title="Noop scheduler">Noop scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="O(n)_scheduler" title="O(n) scheduler">O(n) scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="O(1)_scheduler" title="O(1) scheduler">O(1) scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="SCHED_DEADLINE" title="SCHED DEADLINE">SCHED_DEADLINE</a></li>
<li><a href="SCHED_FIFO" class="mw-redirect" title="SCHED FIFO">SCHED_FIFO</a></li>
<li><a href="SCHED_RR" class="mw-redirect" title="SCHED RR">SCHED_RR</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Linux_Security_Modules" title="Linux Security Modules">Security Modules</a>: <a href="AppArmor" title="AppArmor">AppArmor</a></li>
<li><a href="Exec_Shield" title="Exec Shield">Exec Shield</a></li>
<li><a href="Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li>
<li><a href="Security-Enhanced_Linux" title="Security-Enhanced Linux">SELinux</a></li>
<li><a href="Smack_(software)" title="Smack (software)">Smack</a></li>
<li><a href="Tomoyo_Linux" title="Tomoyo Linux">Tomoyo Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_PAM" title="Linux PAM">Linux PAM</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a>
<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">802.11</a></li>
<li><a href="Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">graphics</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Raw_device" title="Raw device">Raw device</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a></li>
<li><a href="KernelCare" title="KernelCare">KernelCare</a></li>
<li><a href="Kexec" title="Kexec">kexec</a></li>
<li><a href="KGraft" title="KGraft">kGraft</a></li>
<li><a href="Kpatch" title="Kpatch">kpatch</a></li>
<li><a href="Ksplice" title="Ksplice">Ksplice</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mainline_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline Linux">Mainline</a>
<ul><li><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">High-performance computing</a>
<ul><li><a href="INK_(operating_system)" title="INK (operating system)">INK</a></li>
<li><a href="Compute_Node_Linux" title="Compute Node Linux">Compute Node Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="Slurm_Workload_Manager" title="Slurm Workload Manager">SLURM</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">Real-time computing</a>
<ul><li><a href="RTLinux" title="RTLinux">RTLinux</a></li>
<li><a href="RTAI" title="RTAI">RTAI</a></li>
<li><a href="Xenomai" title="Xenomai">Xenomai</a></li>
<li><a href="PREEMPT_RT" title="PREEMPT RT">PREEMPT_RT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">MMU</a>-less
<ul><li><a href="%CE%9CClinux" title="ΜClinux">μClinux</a></li>
<li><a href="PSXLinux" title="PSXLinux">PSXLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Virtualization18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">Hypervisor</a>
<ul><li><a href="Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a></li>
<li><a href="Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">OS-level virtualization</a>
<ul><li><a href="Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li>
<li><a href="Lguest" title="Lguest">Lguest</a></li>
<li><a href="LXC" title="LXC">LXC</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Other
<ul><li><a href="L4Linux" title="L4Linux">L4Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li>
<li><a href="Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">coLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rangeof_use48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_range_of_use" title="Linux range of use">Range<br>of use</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li>
<li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li>
<li><a href="Video_games_and_Linux" title="Video games and Linux">Gaming</a></li>
<li>Thin client:
<ul><li><a href="Linux_Terminal_Server_Project" title="Linux Terminal Server Project">LTSP</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Server:
<ul><li><a href="LAMP_(software_bundle)" title="LAMP (software bundle)">LAMP</a></li>
<li><a href="LYME_(software_bundle)" title="LYME (software bundle)">LYME-LYCE</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Linux-powered_device" title="Linux-powered device">Devices</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">List of Linux adopters</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALinux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li>
<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Linux_framebuffer&oldid=1286202503">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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